# Ubud for Digital Nomads

> Green & wellness-heavy

Ubud, Indonesia, Asia

Canonical page: https://nomadbase.com/destinations/ubud
Last reviewed: 2026-07-29

Every figure below carries its source and measurement date. Where no reliable source exists the field is left out rather than estimated.

## Ubud at a glance

Ubud is Bali's inland town of rice terraces, temples and ceremony — the version of Bali built around mornings, wellness and long café workdays rather than surf and nightlife. For a nomad it is a place set up for working travellers who want green instead of beach, with a coworking culture that made the town's name.

Be honest with yourself about two things. The heat and humidity never leave — there is no cool season to wait for, only wetter and drier versions of warm. And Indonesia enforces its visa rules: people working on tourist visas do get caught and deported, so treat the paperwork as part of the plan, not an afterthought.

It suits you if your clients live on Asia-Pacific time, you like ritual and greenery, and a scooter feels like freedom rather than a risk. It suits you less if you need European office hours, walkable errands, or a climate that ever steps out of the tropics.

| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| 352 cafés mapped within 15 km (OpenStreetMap: July 2026), plus a coworking scene famous well beyond Bali | 0 of 12 months land in the 18–27 °C felt band (Nomadbase comfort index: comfort index from Open-Meteo, 2025) |
| 4.8 of every 100 mapped restaurants & cafés are vegan-friendly (OpenStreetMap: July 2026) — one of the stronger shares we list, in a town where the map understates how normal plant-based menus are | No visa-free entry for EU and US passports; the visa on arrival gives 30 days, extendable once (Government sources: checked July 2026) |
| Measured PM2.5 of 8.8 µg/m³ (OpenAQ: measured, July 2026) — the air is genuinely clean | Roughly one hour of working-day overlap with Central Europe — European clients mean evening calls |
| The working day aligns with Asia-Pacific clients, from Singapore to Sydney | Working on a tourist visa is actively enforced against; the E33G remote-worker permit is the compliant route (see the visa section) |

## Key figures

| Figure | Value | Source | Measured |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average temperature (year) | 25.9 C | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 annual average | 2025-12-31 |
| Average cloud cover | 78 % | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 annual average | 2025-12-31 |
| Nomadbase climate comfort index | 3.1 index 0-10 | Nomadbase comfort index from Copernicus ERA5 2025 monthly means | 2025-12-31 |
| Cafés mapped | 352 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Coworking spaces mapped | 3 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Air quality PM2.5 (measured) | 8.8 µg/m³ | OpenAQ, median of 3 stations, 2026-07-27 | 2026-07-27 |
| Average temperature (summer) | 26.4 C | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 summer average (Dec-Feb) | 2025-12-31 |
| Average temperature (winter) | 25 C | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 winter average (Jun-Aug) | 2025-12-31 |
| Rain days per year | 295 days/year | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 full-year count | 2025-12-31 |
| Dry days per year | 70 days/year | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 full-year count | 2025-12-31 |
| Nearest major airport | 29 km | OurAirports — nearest major airport is Denpasar I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport | 2026-07-29 |
| Airports within 100 km | 1 within 100km | OurAirports, major and regional airports with scheduled service | 2026-07-29 |
| UTC offset | 8 hours from UTC | Open-Meteo time zone (Asia/Makassar), standard time | 2026-08-10 |
| Working-hours overlap with Central Europe | 1 hours/day | Nomadbase overlap of a 09:00-17:00 day against Open-Meteo time zone (Asia/Makassar), standard time; Europe reference UTC+1 | 2026-08-10 |
| Working-hours overlap with US East | 0 hours/day | Nomadbase overlap of a 09:00-17:00 day against Open-Meteo time zone (Asia/Makassar), standard time; US East reference UTC-5 | 2026-08-10 |
| Yoga studios mapped | 11 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Surf spots mapped nearby | 13 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-08-05 |
| Restaurants mapped | 953 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Kitesurf spots mapped nearby | 0 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-08-05 |
| Bars, pubs and clubs mapped | 46 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Gyms mapped | 36 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Vegan-friendly places mapped | 63 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Vegetarian-friendly places mapped | 74 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Beaches mapped within 30 km | 79 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-07-31 |
| Nature reserves and parks within 30 km | 10 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-07-31 |
| Hiking routes within 30 km | 0 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-07-31 |
| Mapped coastline within 30 km | 155 count | OpenStreetMap, within 30km | 2026-07-31 |
| Hospitals and clinics mapped | 55 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-07-31 |
| Pharmacies mapped | 58 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-07-31 |
| Nightlife share of cafés | 3.5 per 100 restaurants & cafés | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| LGBTQ+ legal index (country) | 5 score 0-10 | Nomadbase legal-position rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| LGBTQ+ in practice (country) | Legal nationally, but Aceh punishes same-sex acts with public caning under Sharia bylaws, the new Criminal Code (in force 2 Jan 2026) criminalises all extramarital sex and cohabitation (complaint by spouse/parent/child only), and a July 2026 presidential regulation labels the "spread of LGBT culture" a national threat. Bali is comparatively relaxed; public discretion is essential everywhere. | Nomadbase legal-position rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Tap water index (country) | 1 score 0-10 | Nomadbase tap-water tier (country level), checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Tap water in practice (country) | UK government advice is blunt: "Tap water is not safe to drink in Indonesia" — that includes Bali and Jakarta; refill-gallon and bottled water are universal. | Nomadbase tap-water tier (country level), checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Internet download (median) | 8.2 Mbps | M-Lab median of 2,415 tests within 50 km, last 7 days | 2026-08-11 |
| Kiteable wind days per year | 0 days/year | Days in 2025 with peak sustained wind ≥ 25 km/h (ERA5 via Open-Meteo, 10 m) | 2025-12-31 |
| Visa-free days (EU passport) | 0 days | Editorial visa research, checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Visa-free days (US passport) | 0 days | Editorial visa research, checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Visa-free days (UK passport) | 0 days | Editorial visa research, checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Visa-free days (Canadian passport) | 0 days | Editorial visa research, checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Visa-free days (Australian passport) | 0 days | Editorial visa research, checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Remote-work visa route (0–10) | 10 score 0-10 | Dedicated remote-work visa: E33G Remote Worker KITAS (checked 2026-07-29) | 2026-07-29 |
| Queer venues mapped | 0 count | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Coworking desk per month | 131 EUR/month | Published price: Outpost Ubud (2,678,000 IDR), Monthly Unlimited hot desk: $149 / IDR 2.678.000 per month (unlimited hours, any Bali location), seen live on operator pricing widget 2026-07-29. Single-operator value, not a median: Beluna (belunabali.com) domain parked, Setter (setter.work) SSL-dead, ubud.space publishes only hourly/daily (170.000 Rp/day), BWork is Canggu/Uluwatu only. Day pass ref: $15 / Rp 258.000., checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Coliving room per month | 746 EUR/month | Published price: Outpost Coliving (Ubud/Bali) (849 USD), "Colive+ from $849/mo"; month-to-month $917 incl. free coworking. Seen 2026-07-29., checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| eSIM data, 30 days | 19 EUR | Published price: Airalo Indonesia eSIM, 10 GB / 30 days "Standard" package €19.00, revealed via Standard-tab switch (default view shows only Unlimited: 30d unlimited €62.50). Seen live 2026-07-29., checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| 3-star hotel per night | 42.47 EUR/night | Published price: Booking.com (median of 3 listed 3-star rates) (866,761 IDR), Night of 15–16 Aug 2026, 3-star filter, live results 2026-07-29: Alam Terrace Cottages Rp 653.183, Masara Ubud Villas Rp 1.019.320, Ubud Jungle Stay - Mahari by WAHM Rp 866.761 → median Rp 866.761., checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| Café latte | 2.99 EUR | Published price: Starbucks Pengosekan Ubud via GrabFood (61,000 IDR), Hot Caffe Latte Rp 61.000 (Iced Caffe Latte likewise Rp 61.000), full menu seen live 2026-07-29. Delivery-platform price — may carry a small markup vs counter., checked 2026-07-29 | 2026-07-29 |
| cost food monthly modelled | 141 EUR/month | Modelled groceries for Indonesia (country level, not city): Eurostat DE reference 2022 scaled by World Bank price level 30.7 vs 81.2 (2025) and ICP 2021 category structure | 2025-12-31 |
| cost eating out monthly modelled | 27 EUR/month | Modelled eating out for Indonesia (country level, not city): Eurostat DE reference 2022 scaled by World Bank price level 30.7 vs 81.2 (2025) and ICP 2021 category structure | 2025-12-31 |
| cost transport monthly modelled | 10 EUR/month | Modelled local transport for Indonesia (country level, not city): Eurostat DE reference 2022 scaled by World Bank price level 30.7 vs 81.2 (2025) and ICP 2021 category structure | 2025-12-31 |
| cost leisure monthly modelled | 73 EUR/month | Modelled leisure for Indonesia (country level, not city): Eurostat DE reference 2022 scaled by World Bank price level 30.7 vs 81.2 (2025) and ICP 2021 category structure | 2025-12-31 |
| climate monthly profile | [{"m":1,"t":31.8,"r":1,"c":0.98},{"m":2,"t":32.1,"r":0.96,"c":0.9},{"m":3,"t":32.1,"r":0.94,"c":0.84},{"m":4,"t":31.7,"r":0.63,"c":0.7},{"m":5,"t":31.9,"r":0.9,"c":0.77},{"m":6,"t":30,"r":0.77,"c":0.69},{"m":7,"t":28.2,"r":0.74,"c":0.68},{"m":8,"t":28.6,"r":0.48,"c":0.62},{"m":9,"t":29.6,"r":0.6,"c":0.7},{"m":10,"t":31.6,"r":0.77,"c":0.69},{"m":11,"t":31.2,"r":0.93,"c":0.92},{"m":12,"t":31.5,"r":0.97,"c":0.89}] | Copernicus ERA5, 2025 monthly means (felt temperature, rain-day share, cloud share) | 2025-12-31 |
| cost bigmac | 2.07 EUR | Published price: The Economist Big Mac Index, national average (43,000 IDR = 2.38 USD), July 2026 release — data CC BY 4.0 | 2026-07-01 |
| Vegan share of cafés | 4.8 per 100 restaurants & cafés | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Vegetarian share of cafés | 5.7 per 100 restaurants & cafés | OpenStreetMap, within 15km | 2026-08-05 |
| Mild months (felt 18–27 °C) | 0 months/year | Nomadbase comfort index from Copernicus ERA5 2025 monthly means | 2025-12-31 |
| Country price level (US = 100) | 30.7 US=100 | World Bank price level index for Indonesia, 2025 (US = 100) | 2025-12-31 |
| Homicide rate (country) | 0.41 per 100k | UNODC intentional homicide rate for Indonesia, 2024 | 2024-12-31 |
| Population | 10873 people | Wikidata population figure, 2010 | 2010-12-31 |
| English proficiency (EF EPI) | 471 EF EPI score | EF EPI 2025 (country level, transcribed via Wikipedia) | 2025-11-01 |
| Getting by in English (0–10) | 2.84 score 0-10 | EF EPI 2025 (country level, transcribed via Wikipedia) | 2025-11-01 |
| Women, Peace and Security index (country) | 7 score 0-10 | Georgetown WPS Index 2023 (country level, transcribed via Wikipedia) | 2023-10-01 |
| Company setup index (country) | 2.5 score 0-10 | Nomadbase business rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-31 | 2026-07-31 |
| Banking access index (country) | 5.25 score 0-10 | Nomadbase business rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-31 | 2026-07-31 |
| Company setup in practice (country) | A foreign-owned PT PMA carries a 10 billion IDR investment-plan requirement and a positive-investment-list check per activity; the OSS portal handles the filing. This is a real company, not a side structure. | Nomadbase business rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-31 | 2026-07-31 |
| Banking in practice (country) | Personal accounts need a KITAS in practice. Company accounts follow the PT PMA. Bring patience for compliance paperwork. | Nomadbase business rubric (country level), checked 2026-07-31 | 2026-07-31 |

## Scores (0–10, blend of public data and community reports)

| Category | Score | Public data | Community | Reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fun | 2.55 | 2.55 | — | 0 |
| cost | 8.69 | 8.69 | — | 0 |
| internet | 0.22 | 0.22 | — | 0 |
| safety | 9.44 | 9.44 | — | 0 |
| climate | 5.92 | 5.92 | — | 0 |
| amenity | 9.75 | 9.75 | — | 0 |
| lgbtq | 5 | 5 | — | 0 |
| vegan | 8.58 | 8.58 | — | 0 |
| water | 1 | 1 | — | 0 |
| flights | 2.25 | 2.25 | — | 0 |
| visa | 3.33 | 3.33 | — | 0 |
| lifestyle | 6.63 | 6.63 | — | 0 |
| vegetarian | 8.33 | 8.33 | — | 0 |
| nightlife | 0.29 | 0.29 | — | 0 |
| nature | 5.78 | 5.78 | — | 0 |
| health | 9.85 | 9.85 | — | 0 |
| locals | 2.84 | 2.84 | — | 0 |
| business | 3.88 | 3.88 | — | 0 |
| women | 7 | 7 | — | 0 |

## Visa & entry (Indonesia)

No visa-free entry for EU or US passports — you buy a Rp 500,000 visa on arrival for 30 days, extendable once. The E33G Remote Worker KITAS is the legal one-year route, but it wants US$60,000 a year in foreign income, and 2026 brought visible deportations of people working on tourist visas.

### How long you can stay

- Visa-free entry survives only for ASEAN neighbours and a short reciprocal list (Presidential Regulation 95/2024 cut the old 169-country list; six more countries — Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Brazil among them — were added on 9 July 2026, none of them EU/US).
- EU, US, UK, Canadian and Australian passports use the **visa on arrival**: **Rp 500,000** (about US$30), **30 days**, extendable **once** for another 30 days and another Rp 500,000. Buy it online as an e-VOA before flying and you skip the airport queue.
- The extension means at least one in-person immigration-office visit with photo and biometrics — start a week or more before expiry.
- Maximum on tourist status: **60 days**, then you leave and re-enter. Visa runs are routine but watched.

### The E33G, if you are staying properly

- The **E33G Remote Worker KITAS** (since April 2024) is a **one-year residence permit** for employees of companies registered outside Indonesia.
- Requires **US$60,000 a year** in foreign income — a flat figure set by immigration regulation, not tied to any index, and reviewed periodically — plus a bank statement showing **US$2,000** over the last three months and your foreign employment contract.
- Apply online at evisa.imigrasi.go.id; no Indonesian sponsor needed. Spouse and children can be attached as dependants.
- Renewal is the murky part: the permit was designed as reapply-every-year, but since 2026 several agents report in-country online extensions being processed (about 14 working days, roughly Rp 4.5m in government fees). Plan on redoing the full paperwork annually either way.
- Past 183 days in-country you become an **Indonesian tax resident** — the visa is not a tax exemption; budget for an NPWP number and a return.
- The honest warning: immigration deported dozens of foreigners in May 2026 alone, explicitly targeting remote workers on tourist visas. Bali is the one place in this list where the tourist-visa grey area is actively enforced.

> Visa rules change frequently. This information was last checked on 2026-07-29. It is not legal advice — confirm with the official source before booking: https://www.imigrasi.go.id/

## Living in Ubud

### Where to stay

Ubud is a small centre wrapped in villages, and the real question is how far into the rice fields you want to live. Everything is measured in scooter minutes.

- **Central Ubud (around the palace and Monkey Forest Road)** — walkable to studios, warungs and coworking, but also to the traffic and the tour buses. Convenient, and the least peaceful option.
- **Penestanan** — the old painters' village up the stairs west of the centre: guesthouses along footpaths, rice-field views, and a short scooter hop — or a sweaty walk — into town.
- **Sayan and the Campuhan ridge** — villa territory above the river valley, quiet and green; you will scooter for every errand.
- **Nyuh Kuning and Pengosekan** — village life on the southern edge by the Monkey Forest, close to the yoga studios without the centre's noise.
- **North towards Junjungan and Tegallalang** — greener and cheaper the further you ride, but town becomes a deliberate trip rather than a stroll.

### Finding a place

The best places rarely reach listing sites. The working method is to book somewhere central for the first stretch, then hunt: Facebook groups, café noticeboards, and simply riding the lanes asking at guesthouses. Monthly rates are agreed in person and expected to be negotiated.

Check the things the photos hide: water pressure, hot water, the state of the wifi router, and how open to the outside the room really is — open-air living is lovely until the wet season, the insects and the mould arrive. Ask what construction is planned next door; building noise is a constant of Ubud life.

High season tightens supply noticeably. If you arrive then, take something adequate quickly and upgrade once you know the lanes.

### Working from here

Ubud's coworking scene is famous well beyond Bali, and it remains the social spine of the town — events, skill-shares and shared lunches as much as desks. Our map data undercounts it badly, so we quote no figure here; go and look.

Cafés carry the rest. Laptops are welcome almost everywhere, and the all-day workflow over a smoothie bowl is a local institution. The heat shapes the rhythm: mornings are for focus, afternoons for fans, pools or a slower second shift.

We have no measured internet value for Ubud yet, so we print none — run a speed test in the Nomadbase app and you become the source. Time zones are the other constraint: your day lines up with Asia-Pacific, and Central Europe wakes as you finish. If your clients are European, plan for evening calls.

### Getting around

Ubud runs on scooters, and so will you. The lanes are narrow, surfaces swing between fresh tarmac and potholes, and rain arrives without much warning — ride slowly, wear the helmet, keep a poncho under the seat. Police checks happen; carry an international driving permit.

Ride-hailing apps work for longer hops, with a local catch: parts of central Ubud and some surrounding villages ban app pickups, enforced by the neighbourhood taxi cooperatives — your driver may ask you to walk to a boundary or a quieter corner first. Drop-offs are generally fine. For day trips, hiring a local driver for the day is the comfortable standard.

Walking the centre is possible but joyless in the heat, on pavements that come and go.

### Money

Cash first. Cards work at the bigger cafés and coworking desks, but warungs, markets, drivers and rent deposits mostly run on cash. Withdraw from ATMs attached to actual bank branches — card skimming on standalone machines is a known problem — and always decline the machine's currency conversion.

Tipping is not expected; many restaurants add a service charge instead. Rounding up for drivers and leaving something for villa staff is appreciated and never demanded.

### Staying safe

Ubud is a gentle town whose dangers are practical rather than criminal. The scooter is first: wet roads, ravine edges and confidence acquired faster than skill put more visitors in clinics than everything else combined. Helmet always, licence in order, and rain means slowing down or waiting it out.

The rest is a short list with sharp edges: the Monkey Forest’s residents are professional thieves and occasional biters — any bite means proper medical follow-up, because rabies exists on the island — and cheap arak has a documented methanol problem, so drink only what a bottle with a label or a bar you trust pours.

### Seasons

The intro says it straight: there is no cool season, only wetter and drier versions of warm. The dry months keep mornings clear and evenings gentle; the wet season builds afternoon downpours that hammer the valley and pass, leaving the ricefields at their greenest. Ubud’s inland bowl runs more humid than the coast either way.

The practical season is mould: in the wet months, leather, electronics and unworn clothes grow fur unless the room breathes or a dry-box hums. Plan mornings for anything outdoors year-round — the day’s best hours are before ten, in every month.

### Meeting people

Meeting people is the easy part. The coworking events calendar, the yoga studios, ecstatic dance and breathwork circles, and the shared tables at plant-based cafés all function as open doors — you can land alone and have a dinner group within days.

The turnover is the flip side: friendships here run intense and short, because everyone is leaving soon. Balinese Ubud runs alongside all of this on its own rhythm of ceremony and banjar life — learn a few Indonesian greetings, accept invitations, and you will see more of it than most visitors do.

### Staying active

This is one of the yoga capitals of the world and lives up to it — every lineage, every level, every hour of the morning. The shalas are also the town’s social infrastructure, which makes a class the natural first move for body and calendar alike.

Outside the studio, the ricefield paths take dawn runs and walks before the heat — the Campuhan ridge the Time off chapter mentions is the short classic — and pools substitute for gyms more often than not. The gym scene proper is modest; people come here to stretch, not to lift.

### Time off

The classic dawn mission is a sunrise hike on Mount Batur, back at your desk by mid-morning. Waterfalls fill the river valleys in every direction, and the Campuhan ridge walk is the free sunset default.

Further afield: the Sidemen valley for quieter rice terraces, Amed on the east coast for snorkelling and slow fishing villages, the Nusa islands via the Sanur boats, and the surf coasts of Canggu and Uluwatu when you want the other Bali for a weekend.

## Frequently asked questions

### How much does it cost to live in Ubud per month?

Between €1,017 and €1,122 a month, housing and everyday spending together. Housing is a coliving room at €746. Everyday spending — food, local transport, leisure — is modelled from national price levels rather than measured in the city, so it is an indication and not a quote. A coworking desk is extra at €131. Every figure carries its source on the destination page.

### How fast is the internet in Ubud?

Median download speed is about 8.2 Mbps. Source: M-Lab median of 2,415 tests within 50 km, last 7 days.

### What visa do I need for Ubud?

No visa-free entry for EU or US passports — you buy a Rp 500,000 visa on arrival for 30 days, extendable once. The E33G Remote Worker KITAS is the legal one-year route, but it wants US$60,000 a year in foreign income, and 2026 brought visible deportations of people working on tourist visas. Last checked 2026-07-29. Always confirm with the official source before booking.

### What is the weather like in Ubud?

Winters average 25 °C and summers 26.4 °C. 0 of 12 months average a comfortable 18–27 °C (felt temperature). Source: Copernicus ERA5, 2025 annual average.

### Can I work European or US hours from Ubud?

A 09:00–17:00 working day in Ubud overlaps 1 hours with Central European time and 0 hours with US Eastern time, at standard time.

### Are there coworking spaces in Ubud?

3 coworking spaces are mapped in Ubud, plus 352 cafés to work from. Source: OpenStreetMap, within 15km. Counts are a floor, not a census — coverage depends on local mappers.

### How do you get to Ubud?

The nearest major airport is about 29 km away. 1 airport with scheduled service within 100 km. Source: OurAirports — nearest major airport is Denpasar I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport.

## Sources

- **Copernicus ERA5** (Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information) — ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis, retrieved through Open-Meteo. Temperatures, rainfall, cloud cover and wind are daily values for the last complete calendar year. https://open-meteo.com/
- **Nomadbase comfort index** — Our own reading of ERA5 data, not a measurement: a month-by-month score for how comfortable the felt temperature is, damped for rain and cloud. The formula is published. https://nomadbase.com/destinations#how-we-score
- **OpenStreetMap** (ODbL) — Community-mapped places: coworking, cafés, gyms and diet options within 15km. Counts are a floor rather than a census — coverage depends on local mappers. https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
- **OpenAQ** (CC BY 4.0) — Air quality measured at ground stations. Only reaches part of the catalogue — a city needs a station nearby that is still reporting. https://openaq.org/
- **OurAirports** (Public domain) — Airport locations and types. Distances are to the nearest major airport with scheduled service. https://ourairports.com/
- **Nomadbase country research** — Hand-maintained country tables for the LGBTQ+ legal position and tap-water safety, compiled from advocacy databases (ILGA World, Human Dignity Trust), national authorities and government travel advice, and scored with a published rubric. Country-level by nature — city reality can differ, which is what the practical note is for. https://nomadbase.com/destinations#how-we-score
- **M-Lab** (CC BY-SA 4.0) — Internet speed from real speed tests run by people in the city, aggregated over a seven-day window. https://www.measurementlab.net/
- **Government sources** — Visa and entry rules come from the responsible authority for each country, linked in the visa section and re-checked by hand on the date shown.
- **Published prices** — Prices read by hand from the operator’s or authority’s own published price list — a transit tariff, a coworking rate card, an eSIM store — on the date shown. Checked quarterly; the linked page is the source. https://nomadbase.com/destinations#how-we-score
- **World Bank** (CC BY 4.0) — Price level of household consumption at market exchange rates (US = 100) — a national figure that anchors the cost score where no city-level source exists yet. It measures what arriving with foreign income feels like, which is why a weak currency lowers it. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PRVT.PLI
- **UNODC** (Free with attribution) — Intentional homicide rate from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime — a national figure, because no free source measures crime per city. The year next to the number is the year the country last reported. https://dataunodc.un.org/
- **Wikidata** (CC0) — Structural facts taken from the place’s Wikidata entity — resident population, which mirrors a national census figure, and elevation above sea level. The year is the one Wikidata records for that figure; where the entity was the wrong scale for the place we describe, the number has been replaced by a hand-sourced one from the statistics office instead. https://www.wikidata.org/

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